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Stereotype Embodiment Theory (SET) is a theoretical model first posited by Psychologist Becca Levy to explain the process by which age stereotypes influence the health of older adults.〔Levy, B. (2009). Stereotype embodiment: A psychosocial approach to aging. ''Current Directions in Psychological Science'', 18(6), 332-336.〕 The effects of age stereotypes on a number of cognitive and physical outcomes (including memory, cardiovascular reactivity, and longevity) are well-documented〔Levy, B. (1996). Improving memory in old age by implicit self-stereotyping. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', 71, 1092–1107.〕〔Levy, B., Hausdorff, J., Hencke, R., & Wei, J. Y. (2000). Reducing cardiovascular stress with positive self-stereotypes of aging. ''Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences'', 55B, P205-P213.〕〔Levy, B., Slade M. D., & Kasl, S. V. (2002). Increased longevity by positive self-perceptions of aging. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', 83, 261-270.〕〔Wurm, S., Tesch-Römer, C., & Tomasik, M.J. (2007). Longitudinal findings on aging-related cognitions, control beliefs and health in later life. ''Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences'', 62, P156–P164.〕 SET explains these findings according to a three-step process: # Age stereotypes are internalized from the host culture at a young age. # At some point these age stereotype become “self stereotypes” about oneself as an aging individual. # These self-stereotypes are then consciously and unconsciously activated to exert their effects on individual health. Underlying these three steps are SET’s four main theoretical premises. According to Levy (2009): “The theory has four components: The stereotypes (a) become internalized across the lifespan, (b) can operate unconsciously, (c) gain salience from self-relevance, and (d) utilize multiple pathways.”〔 Although this theory was developed to explain the operation of age stereotypes across the lifepsan, it may also explain how other types of self-stereotypes operate, such as race stereotypes among African Americans and gender stereotypes among women. == Theoretical Premises of Stereotype Embodiment Theory == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「stereotype embodiment theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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